Who recognises Palestine, and who has done anything about it
Two views of the same 193 states. The first is recognition: 157 of 193 United Nations member states recognise the State of Palestine, most of them within weeks of the Algiers declaration of 15 November 1988. The second is conduct — which states have restricted arms transfers, sanctioned officials, settlers or settlement goods, or filed at the International Court of Justice. Recognition is a statement. The second map is the ledger of acts.
Recognition of the State of Palestine, by date of recognition
Hover any country for the date. Two recognitions are contested and are marked as such in the tooltip; territories on neither list are left blank rather than counted as refusals. The base map is Natural Earth, a cartographic base and not an adjudication of any boundary, drawn on the Equal Earth projection so that every country appears at its true size relative to every other. Dates from Wikipedia, "International recognition of Palestine", retrieved 26 September 2026, which cites the Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs list and the underlying UN documents for each entry. Dates are as given there.
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What each state has actually done
Strongest measure shown where a state has taken more than one; the tooltip lists them all. A declaration of intervention under Article 63 of the ICJ Statute concerns the construction of the Genocide Convention and is not, in itself, support for either party — the United States and Hungary filed alongside Namibia, Fiji, the Netherlands and Iceland in March 2026. Grey is not neutrality: it is the absence of any measure on the record.
Interactive chart — open it in the live record.
Which governments have called it genocide, and which have not
50 of the 193 UN member states have a government that has called Israel's conduct in Gaza genocide in its own words, and 9 more have put their name to a joint statement that does. That leaves 134 that have not: 5 whose previous government said it and whose present one has turned the other way, 16 that say it is for a court to decide, 4 whose position is unclear, 12 that reject or dispute it, and 97 with no statement on the record at all. Every entry below quotes the words and links to where they were said.
Has the government called it genocide?
Hover any country for who said what, and when. Drawn on an equal-area projection, so each country covers the share of the map it covers of the Earth and no region looks larger than it is. A position is what the government has said: the head of state or government, the foreign minister or ministry, another minister named as such, an official publication or a formal legal act. Parliaments, parties and opposition figures are not counted. A state keeps the strongest statement its governments have made unless a later government has reversed it. "No statement on the record" means none was found, not that none exists.
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Have called it genocide
Has called it genocide 52
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Afghanistan
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Taliban authorities · 18 October 2023
calling for the immediate end of the ongoing genocide
Afghan Ministry of Foreign Affairs The Taliban authorities are not recognised by the United Nations as the government of Afghanistan. -
Algeria
Abdelmadjid Tebboune, President · 7 November 2023
Where is the global conscience that has become absent regarding the genocide being committed?
Middle East Monitor -
Angola
João Lourenço, President · 24 September 2024
everything it can to prevent the genocide that the world is witnessing live in the Gaza Strip
UN General Assembly, 79th session -
Antigua and Barbuda
Gaston Browne, Prime Minister · September 2025
we condemn the forced removal of people in Gaza from their homeland and the genocide that has occurred there
UN General Assembly, 80th session -
Barbados
Mia Mottley, Prime Minister · September 2025
the genocidal destruction taking place in Gaza
UN General Assembly, 80th session -
Belize
Johnny Briceño, Prime Minister · 22 October 2023
committing genocide against the Palestinian people
Love FM Belize applied to intervene in South Africa v. Israel on 31 January 2025. -
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Željko Komšić, Chairman of the Presidency · 23 September 2025
genocide was committed in Bosnia and Herzegovina and, unfortunately, today we are witnessing its repetition in Gaza
Euronews Bosnia One of the three members of the collective presidency; he repeated it at the General Assembly the next day. -
Brazil
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President · 22 September 2026
the genocide of women and children perpetrated by Netanyahu's government in Gaza
Middle East Eye, on the 81st General Assembly In June 2025 he called it “premeditated genocide”; Brazil intervened in South Africa v. Israel. -
Brunei
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, Head of state and government · August 2024
the ongoing genocide and aggression in the Gaza Strip
Brunei Ministry of Foreign Affairs In a joint statement with Malaysia's Prime Minister. - China State Council Information Office, Official government publication · 17 August 2025 The government's annual report on human rights in the United States accused Israel of committing genocide in Gaza with American complicity. China's response to the ICJ order of January 2024 had not used the word. State Council Information Office
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Comoros
Azali Assoumani, President · 24 September 2025
amount[ing] to a genocide
UN General Assembly, 80th session The Comoros intervened in South Africa v. Israel. -
Cuba
Miguel Díaz-Canel, President · 31 March 2024
Cuba demands that the genocide stop now.
Times of Israel - Djibouti Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President · 11 November 2023 Told the Arab–Islamic summit in Riyadh that the Palestinians were being subjected to genocide. Saudi Press Agency
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Egypt
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, President · 5 August 2025
systematic genocide
Al Jazeera -
Ghana
Samuel Okudzeto Ablakwa, Foreign Minister · September 2025
What is going on in Gaza is genocide
West Africa Weekly Said the government agreed with the UN Commission of Inquiry's finding. -
Guyana
Irfaan Ali, President · April 2024
nothing short of genocide
St Kitts Nevis Observer -
Indonesia
Sugiono, Foreign Minister · August 2025
firmly rejects the genocide of the Palestinian people by Zionist Israel
RRI - Iran Masoud Pezeshkian, President · September 2025 Accused Israel of committing genocide in Gaza in his address to the General Assembly. UN General Assembly, 80th session
- Iraq Mohammed Shia' al-Sudani, Prime Minister · 8 May 2024 Said Israel's war in Gaza was tantamount to genocide. Middle East Monitor
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Ireland
Micheál Martin, Taoiseach · 26 September 2025
There cannot be business as usual in the face of genocide.
Department of the Taoiseach The Tánaiste and then Foreign Minister, Simon Harris, spoke of “the genocidal activity of the Netanyahu government” in May 2025, and the Dáil passed a motion on 7 November 2024 that “genocide is being perpetrated before our eyes”. Ireland intervened in South Africa v. Israel. - Jordan Ayman Safadi, Foreign Minister · 12 January 2024 Said Israel's actions in Gaza met the legal definition of genocide. Reuters
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Kyrgyzstan
Edil Baisalov, Deputy Prime Minister · 18 March 2024
the madness and the genocide
TASS -
Lebanon
Najib Mikati, Prime Minister · 3 July 2024
the ongoing genocide against the Palestinians, namely in Gaza
Middle East Monitor Mikati has since left office; the present government signed the joint statement of 15 August 2025. - Libya State of Libya, Declaration of intervention · 10 May 2024 Filed a declaration of intervention in South Africa v. Israel on the basis that Israel is committing genocide. JURIST
- Malaysia Anwar Ibrahim, Prime Minister · 19 May 2024 Called Israel's conduct in Gaza genocide and said the United States could not deny its complicity. Al Jazeera
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Maldives
Mohamed Muizzu, President · 24 September 2024
the genocide by Israel in Gaza is a travesty of justice and the international system
Al Jazeera The Maldives intervened in South Africa v. Israel. -
Mauritania
Mohamed Ould Ghazouani, President · 11 November 2023
carrying out genocide in front of the world
Ahram Online - Mexico Claudia Sheinbaum, President · 22 September 2025 Called Israel's assault on Gaza genocide as Mexico recognised the State of Palestine. Los Angeles Times Mexico intervened in South Africa v. Israel.
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Namibia
Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, President · 24 September 2025
indeed, a genocide is being committed against the Palestinian people
UN General Assembly, 80th session Her predecessor Hage Geingob called Israel's conduct “genocidal and gruesome” in January 2024. Namibia intervened in South Africa v. Israel. - Nicaragua Government of Nicaragua, Government · 11 October 2024 Broke diplomatic relations with Israel, calling its government “genocidal”. Reuters Nicaragua applied to intervene in South Africa v. Israel in February 2024 and withdrew the application on 3 April 2025.
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Niger
Ali Lamine Zeine, Prime Minister · September 2025
the Nigerien people unreservedly condemn the Israeli genocide in Gaza
Le Sahel -
North Korea
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Spokesperson · 26 October 2023
the U.S. is an accomplice who connived at and fostered Israel's genocide
Reuters - Oman Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government statement · May 2024 Condemned the Israeli genocide of the Palestinian people. Middle East Eye
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Pakistan
Shehbaz Sharif, Prime Minister · 26 September 2025
Israel's genocidal onslaught has unleashed unspeakable terror upon women and children
UN General Assembly, 80th session -
Palestine not a UN member
Mahmoud Abbas, President · 24 September 2026
genocidal war that has created an unprecedented humanitarian catastrophe
CBC News Delivered by video after the United States refused him a visa. Palestine is a UN observer state and intervened in South Africa v. Israel. -
Qatar
Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir · 22 September 2026
genocide in the fullest sense of the word
Middle East Eye, on the 81st General Assembly -
Sahrawi Republic not a UN member
Brahim Ghali, President · 12 October 2025
perpetrators of crimes against humanity and genocide, such as the occupying Zionist entity
Sahara Press Service Not a UN member state. -
Saint Lucia
Alva Baptiste, Minister for External Affairs · September 2025
the undeniable genocide that is being committed against the people of Palestine, especially in Gaza
UN General Assembly, 80th session -
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Office of the Prime Minister, Government statement · 11 January 2024
complicit in genocide before our very eyes
Office of the Prime Minister -
Saudi Arabia
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government statement · July 2024
continued genocidal massacres against the Palestinian people at the hands of the Israeli war machine
Arab News - Senegal Ousmane Sonko, Prime Minister · June 2024 Said Palestine was being subjected to genocide with the complicity of the world's powers. NAN
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Sierra Leone
Julius Maada Bio, President · 24 September 2025
A preventable genocide was not prevented.
UN General Assembly, 80th session -
Slovenia
Nataša Pirc Musar, President · 21 May 2025
We are witnessing genocide
Slovenia Times Said to the European Parliament; she first named the West Bank and clarified that she meant Gaza. -
Somalia
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government statement · January 2024
swift action to halt Gaza genocide by Israel
Somali Ministry of Foreign Affairs - South Africa Government of South Africa, Applicant · 29 December 2023 Brought the case alleging genocide at the International Court of Justice, after the Minister in the Presidency, Khumbudzo Ntshavheni, condemned “the atrocities and genocide of the Israeli government” on 6 November 2023. International Court of Justice
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Spain
Pedro Sánchez, Prime Minister · 23 September 2026
the genocide that Netanyahu is still perpetrating in Gaza
Anadolu Agency, on the 81st General Assembly In May 2025 he called Israel a “genocidal state”; the Council of Ministers adopted measures “to stop the genocide in Gaza” on 9 September 2025. Spain intervened in South Africa v. Israel. -
Syria
Bashar al-Assad, President (until December 2024) · 11 November 2024
massacres, genocide and ethnic cleansing
SANA The Assad government fell in December 2024; the present government signed the joint statement of 15 August 2025. -
Timor-Leste
Bendito Freitas, Foreign Minister · September 2025
the situation of famine and genocide
UN General Assembly, 80th session -
Tunisia
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government statement · May 2024
war of genocide
WAFA -
Turkey
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, President · 22 September 2026
a genocidal mindset that is never satisfied with killing
Al Jazeera, on the 81st General Assembly He first called Israel's actions “amounting to genocide” in October 2023; Türkiye intervened in South Africa v. Israel. -
Yemen
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Internationally recognised government · October 2023
the war crimes and genocide
The New Arab -
Zimbabwe
Christopher Mutsvangwa, Minister, speaking as ZANU–PF spokesman · 16 January 2024
genocidal practices and tendencies
The Herald The weakest entry in this group: a serving minister, but speaking for the ruling party rather than the government.
Signed a joint statement calling it genocide 9
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Bahrain
Joint statement of 31 Arab and Islamic states, the Arab League, the OIC and the GCC, Foreign ministers · 15 August 2025
reiterate their rejection and condemnation of the crimes of Israeli aggression, genocide, and ethnic cleansing
Qatar Ministry of Foreign Affairs -
Bangladesh
Joint statement of 31 Arab and Islamic states, the Arab League, the OIC and the GCC, Foreign ministers · 15 August 2025
reiterate their rejection and condemnation of the crimes of Israeli aggression, genocide, and ethnic cleansing
Qatar Ministry of Foreign Affairs -
Chad
Joint statement of 31 Arab and Islamic states, the Arab League, the OIC and the GCC, Foreign ministers · 15 August 2025
reiterate their rejection and condemnation of the crimes of Israeli aggression, genocide, and ethnic cleansing
Qatar Ministry of Foreign Affairs -
Gambia
Joint statement of 31 Arab and Islamic states, the Arab League, the OIC and the GCC, Foreign ministers · 15 August 2025
reiterate their rejection and condemnation of the crimes of Israeli aggression, genocide, and ethnic cleansing
Qatar Ministry of Foreign Affairs -
Kuwait
Joint statement of 31 Arab and Islamic states, the Arab League, the OIC and the GCC, Foreign ministers · 15 August 2025
reiterate their rejection and condemnation of the crimes of Israeli aggression, genocide, and ethnic cleansing
Qatar Ministry of Foreign Affairs -
Morocco
Joint statement of 31 Arab and Islamic states, the Arab League, the OIC and the GCC, Foreign ministers · 15 August 2025
reiterate their rejection and condemnation of the crimes of Israeli aggression, genocide, and ethnic cleansing
Qatar Ministry of Foreign Affairs -
Nigeria
Joint statement of 31 Arab and Islamic states, the Arab League, the OIC and the GCC, Foreign ministers · 15 August 2025
reiterate their rejection and condemnation of the crimes of Israeli aggression, genocide, and ethnic cleansing
Qatar Ministry of Foreign Affairs -
Sudan
Joint statement of 31 Arab and Islamic states, the Arab League, the OIC and the GCC, Foreign ministers · 15 August 2025
reiterate their rejection and condemnation of the crimes of Israeli aggression, genocide, and ethnic cleansing
Qatar Ministry of Foreign Affairs -
United Arab Emirates
Joint statement of 31 Arab and Islamic states, the Arab League, the OIC and the GCC, Foreign ministers · 15 August 2025
reiterate their rejection and condemnation of the crimes of Israeli aggression, genocide, and ethnic cleansing
Qatar Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Have not called it genocide: 134 UN member states
Said it under a previous government; the present one has reversed course 5
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Bolivia
Luis Arce, President (until November 2025) · 21 February 2024
the truth about the genocide that is being committed against the brave Palestinian people
Al Jazeera Now: President Rodrigo Paz restored relations with Israel in December 2025 and left the Hague Group in March 2026. Bolivia's intervention in South Africa v. Israel has not been withdrawn. Source -
Chile
Gabriel Boric, President (until March 2026) · 25 September 2024
the genocide that Israel is carrying out in Palestine
Infobae Now: President José Antonio Kast has not repeated it, returned Chile's ambassador to Israel in August 2026 and appointed a self-declared Zionist, Gabriel Zaliasnik, as ambassador. Chile's intervention in South Africa v. Israel has not been withdrawn. Source - Colombia Gustavo Petro, President (until August 2026) · 2 May 2024 Broke diplomatic relations with Israel over the conduct in Gaza and intervened in South Africa v. Israel on 5 April 2024. International Court of Justice Now: President Abelardo de la Espriella withdrew Colombia's intervention on 18 September 2026 and is restoring relations with Israel. Source
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Honduras
Xiomara Castro, President (until January 2026) · 25 September 2024
an end to the genocide in Gaza
France 24 Now: President Nasry Asfura visited Jerusalem as president-elect, left the Hague Group in March 2026 and returned Honduras's ambassador to Israel in August 2026. Source - Venezuela Nicolás Maduro, President (until January 2026) · October 2023 Condemned Israel's actions as genocide; his foreign minister Yván Gil spoke of “the genocide that his country is implementing on the proud Palestinian people”. France 24 Now: The acting government of Delcy Rodríguez agreed in August 2026 to resume relations with Israel and announced its withdrawal from the Rome Statute. Source
Says it is for a court to decide 16
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Australia
Penny Wong, Foreign Minister · 2025
questions relating to genocide are matters where we respect the independence of international courts and tribunals
Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs -
Austria
Beate Meinl-Reisinger, Foreign Minister · July 2025
one should be very careful with the term 'genocide' and it will ultimately be the [ICJ] that has to judge it
EUobserver -
Belgium
Bart De Wever, Prime Minister · 2025
something for the International Court of Justice to determine
Al Jazeera The Foreign Minister, Maxime Prévot, said his personal opinion was that “this is very close to genocide”. Belgium intervened in South Africa v. Israel in December 2025. - Canada Anita Anand, Foreign Minister · 17 September 2025 Noted that the matter is before the International Court of Justice; the UN ambassador, David Lametti, said all the evidence would need to be assessed first. iPolitics
- Denmark Lars Løkke Rasmussen, Foreign Minister · September 2025 Declined to call it genocide after the Commission of Inquiry's report, saying it was a matter for the courts. The Copenhagen Post
- Finland Elina Valtonen, Foreign Minister · May 2025 Conceded in an interview that the conduct could hardly be anything other than genocide, but said the government would leave the final judgment to the ICJ. Yle
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France
Jean-Noël Barrot, Foreign Minister · July 2025
has no position to take on the legal description of the facts
Embassy of France in the United States In January 2024 his predecessor, Stéphane Séjourné, said accusing Israel of genocide was “to cross a moral threshold”. -
Iceland
Þorgerður Katrín Gunnarsdóttir, Foreign Minister · 16 September 2025
this bears all the hallmarks of genocide
RÚV She added that “it is for the International Court of Justice to decide this”. Iceland intervened in South Africa v. Israel in March 2026. - Japan Takeshi Iwaya, Foreign Minister (until October 2025) · September 2025 Said whether it is genocide must be determined on a detailed verification of the facts and in accordance with international law. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
- Luxembourg Xavier Bettel, Foreign Minister · January 2024 Declined to back South Africa's case, saying Luxembourg would remain neutral and await the Court's decision. Luxembourg Times
- Netherlands David van Weel, Foreign Minister · 18 September 2025 Said the Netherlands would not follow the Commission of Inquiry's finding and would await the ICJ. NL Times The Netherlands intervened in South Africa v. Israel in March 2026.
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New Zealand
Winston Peters, Foreign Minister · September 2025
interested in what the international courts might say, and that's what we would wait for
RNZ -
Norway
Espen Barth Eide, Foreign Minister · 2 September 2024
leave it to the court to assess whether the accusation of genocide is correct
Utrop - Singapore Vivian Balakrishnan, Foreign Minister · 22 September 2025 Noted the Commission of Inquiry's finding and called the ICJ “the appropriate forum to adjudicate such grave concerns”. Singapore Ministry of Foreign Affairs
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Sweden
Maria Malmer Stenergard, Foreign Minister · September 2025
await the assessments from an international court before we establish that it is a matter of genocide
SVT -
United Kingdom
Ed Miliband, Foreign Secretary · 8 September 2026
final determinations made by competent courts before the British Government reach a conclusion
Hansard, House of Commons The Prime Minister, Andy Burnham, said in July 2026 that the question was for the international courts. The previous government's Foreign Secretary, David Lammy, wrote in 2025 that the conduct did not meet the criteria.
Has not taken a clear position 5
- Belarus Alexander Lukashenko, President · 16 June 2026 Called the war a “Holocaust” and said Gaza had been “wiped off the face of the earth”, without using the word genocide. Ynet
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Holy See not a UN member
Pope Leo XIV, Head of state · July 2025
Officially, the Holy See does not believe that we can make any declaration at this time
CNN He added that “more and more people are raising the issue”. Not a UN member state. -
Malta
Robert Abela, Prime Minister · January 2024
I will leave it up to people to arrive at that conclusion on whether this is genocide
Times of Malta - Russia Sergey Lavrov, Foreign Minister · October 2025 Said Russia would “wait and see” on South Africa's case and later noted that others use the word, without saying whether Russia does. Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Uruguay Yamandú Orsi, President · June 2025 Said a resolution of the governing coalition condemning “ethnic cleansing and genocide” was a party's declaration and that the government was something else. la diaria The Vice-President, Carolina Cosse, said in October 2025 that it is genocide.
Rejects or disputes it 12
- Costa Rica Manuel Tovar, Foreign Minister · July 2026 Said the government did not consider Israel's actions in Gaza to constitute genocide. La Nación
- Czech Republic Jan Lipavský, Foreign Minister (until December 2025) · 18 September 2025 Rejected the Commission of Inquiry's finding of genocide as partly “unfounded” and “beyond the pale”. Expats.cz The Babiš government, in office since December 2025, has not stated a view but has blocked EU sanctions on Israeli ministers.
- Fiji Government of Fiji, Declaration of intervention · 12 March 2026 Filed at the ICJ in March 2026 alongside the United States and Hungary, in support of Israel's reading of the Convention. International Court of Justice
- Germany Friedrich Merz, Chancellor · 18 September 2025 Said he did not regard Israel's conduct as proportionate but did not regard it as genocide. Reuters
- Greece Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Prime Minister · 17 September 2025 Said a major humanitarian disaster is unfolding but that he considers the term genocide “heavy”. News247
- Hungary Government of Hungary, Declaration of intervention · 12 March 2026 Filed at the ICJ for a narrow reading of the Convention, arguing that civilian casualties and destruction do not in themselves show genocidal intent. International Court of Justice Filed by the Orbán government a month before it lost office. The government of Péter Magyar has not withdrawn it or stated a view of its own.
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Israel
Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister · 24 September 2026
the biggest lie of the century
TIME, on the 81st General Assembly -
Italy
Antonio Tajani, Foreign Minister · 11 January 2024
genocide is something else
ANSA - Paraguay Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government statement · 10 January 2024 Rejected the accusations of genocide brought against Israel at the ICJ, and later intervened in the case. IP Paraguay
- Poland Radosław Sikorski, Foreign Minister · 30 September 2025 Called the civilian toll a terrible tragedy but said it did not in his view meet the definition of genocide. Polskie Radio
- Portugal Paulo Rangel, Foreign Minister · 13 May 2024 Said it would be “very unfair” to say Israel intends to eliminate the Palestinian people. Expresso
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United States
United States of America, Declaration of intervention · 12 March 2026
the allegations of “genocide” against Israel are false
International Court of Justice
No statement on the record 97
Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Croatia, Cyprus, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Federated States of Micronesia, Gabon, Georgia, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, India, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nauru, Nepal, North Macedonia, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Republic of the Congo, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Samoa, San Marino, São Tomé and Príncipe, Serbia, Seychelles, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, South Korea, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Zambia.
No statement by the government either way was found in the sources above or in a search of this week's General Assembly speeches. That is not proof that none exists, and a state may appear here because it has said nothing, because its statements used other words, or because this research missed one. Corrections with a source are welcome.
Compiled from the statements cited in Wikipedia, "Gaza genocide recognition" (revision 1376504299), each linked to its own source here, corrected for the governments that have changed since and for the 81st General Assembly, 22–25 September 2026.
Recognition and public opinion
Recognition of Palestine, and the gap that has opened between Western publics and their governments.
Public opinion has moved ahead of government policy
YouGov for Caabu, 2–3 July 2026, n=2,125 GB adults · Pew Research (April 2026); Gallup (February 2026)
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International recognition of Palestine
Among the G20, 14 of 19 member states recognise Palestine.
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States that have taken a restrictive measure
A state joins the line on the date of its first measure and never joins it twice, so the step counts states rather than the weight of what they did. It is a floor: the 9 states that severed or downgraded relations are not on it, because the record names them without dating each rupture.
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- A state is counted once, on the date of its first measure; later measures by the same state do not raise the line.
- The line counts states, not the weight of what they did: a full arms ban and a travel ban on two ministers each move it by one.
- Undated ruptures and the ICC obligation are excluded from the step for the reasons given above, which means the line understates the number of states that have acted.
One arsenal is tolerated; the other does not exist
One state in the region holds an undeclared arsenal, refuses inspection and is outside the treaty. The other is inside the treaty, inspected, sanctioned, and was bombed. Set side by side, the double standard is not an argument but a table.
The nuclear exception
Six rows of the non-proliferation regime, two states. Red is outside the regime and unconstrained; blue is inside it and constrained. The cell text is the answer itself, so the matrix reads as a table and hovers as a source.
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Mordechai Vanunu
Published photographic evidence of the programme in The Sunday Times on 5 October 1986. Kidnapped by Mossad in Rome on 30 September 1986, convicted of treason and espionage, sentenced to 18 years, 11 of them in solitary confinement. Restrictions on his movement and speech remain partially in force in 2026.
- Israel's policy of nuclear ambiguity was secured by a 1969 agreement between Richard Nixon and Golda Meir: the United States would stop pressing Israel to sign the NPT, in exchange for Israel not testing or acknowledging the arsenal.
- The row marked 'not stated in this record' is left blank rather than filled from outside the report.
Who gets named, which words are used, and who still believes it
The institutions that would not print the word while the events were happening have lost the audiences who watched the same events on their phones.
Palestinian casualties reported without naming Israel
The same events, two newsrooms. Novara Media’s April 2026 comparison of BBC and Al Jazeera reporting.
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Trust in the news, and news avoidance
Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2026, published 16 June 2026, surveying nearly 100,000 people across 48 markets.
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The same events, two vocabularies
Blue is the vocabulary used for Israeli deaths and Israeli officials; red is the vocabulary used for Palestinian ones. Counts from the Centre for Media Monitoring across a full year of coverage.
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- The word counts are the Centre for Media Monitoring's, across a full year of coverage; 'massacre' was applied to Israeli casualties 18 times more often than to Palestinian ones.
- Media Bias Meter's 'Framing Gaza' study analysed 54,449 articles across eight Western outlets over 100 weeks and found the same asymmetry in framing and word choice.
- The failure is not only framing: in 2024 The Jewish Chronicle published fabricated stories by a freelancer using the byline 'Elon Perry', retracted the material, and lost four columnists — Jonathan Freedland, David Aaronovitch, Hadley Freeman and David Baddiel — who resigned over its handling.
Antisemitic incidents, and the causal claim tested
The claim that British measures on Israel and Palestine cause antisemitic violence in Britain, set against the monitoring series and the government’s own comparative funding decisions.
Antisemitic incidents in the UK, and what the series tracks
CST, Antisemitic Incidents Report 2025 (11 February 2026)
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What the series shows
| Monthly average, Year before 7 October 2023 | 154 |
| Monthly average, 2025 | 308 |
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- For the first time, CST recorded more than 200 incidents in every calendar month of 2025.
- Before October 2023, monthly totals above 200 had occurred only five times, “each coinciding with past periods when Israel was at war” (CST).
- Worst month of 2025: October, 463 incidents.
- A further 3,001 reports in 2025 were assessed by CST and excluded as not antisemitic, a category CST describes as including “anti-Israel activity without antisemitic language, motivation or targeting”.
Home Office protective security for faith sites, 2026/27
Home Office, “Record funding to protect faith communities”, 19 February 2026
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Delivery, not just allocation
- 45% of recorded religious hate crimes in the 2025 England and Wales figures targeted Muslims.
- Of 510 mosque applications received between 1 July 2024 and 3 November 2025, 199 were approved, 311 remained pending and none was formally rejected (disclosed August 2026 after an Information Commissioner’s Office ruling).
- Dr Naomi Green, deputy secretary general of the Muslim Council of Britain: “this scheme is not fit for purpose”.
Two monitored series, one axis
Blue is the antisemitic incident count Britain discusses; green is the anti-Muslim incident count it does not. Tell MAMA publishes an annual report rather than a continuous series, so most years carry no bar, and the 2022 bar is drawn dashed because it is derived from the published two-year rise rather than published in its own right.
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The other series
| Rise in street-based threatening behaviour recorded by Tell MAMA | 715% |
| Rise in attacks on visibly Muslim individuals | 103% |
| Racially or religiously aggravated offences in August 2024 | 10,097 |
| Anti-Muslim incidents reported to police | 12.5% |
| Muslims as a share of religious-hate-crime victims | 44% |
| Muslim share of the population of England and Wales | ~7% |
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Tell MAMA publishes an annual report rather than a continuous series, and the record carries only the 2024 total of 6,313 — the highest since the organisation was founded — together with its statement that this was a 165 per cent rise over two years. The 2022 bar is that statement solved backwards, and is drawn dashed for that reason.
- CST's own analysis attributes the incident pattern to Israeli military action rather than to British policy: before October 2023 monthly totals above 200 had occurred only five times, 'each coinciding with past periods when Israel was at war', and the record annual total of 4,298 in 2023 preceded British recognition of Palestine by two years.
- The Home Office's February 2026 protective-security settlement allocated up to £40 million to mosques, £28.4 million to the Jewish community grant administered by CST — later raised to £32.4 million — and £5 million to all other faiths. Of 510 mosque applications received between 1 July 2024 and 3 November 2025, 199 had been approved, 311 remained pending, and none had been rejected.
- 45.3 per cent of Muslim women report feeling unsafe on public transport, against an 8 per cent national average.
The definition, the declaration and the law
Three documents claim to define antisemitism, fifty-nine Jewish organisations have declared anti-Zionism to be an instance of it, and one appellate court has decided the question the other way. The dashboard holds all four records because the report does.
Anti-Zionism, as manifested today through efforts to deny the Jewish people their right to self-determination, or demand that Jews renounce Zionism as the price of acceptance in political, academic, professional, or cultural life, is antisemitic. The J50 Declaration on Zionism and Antisemitism, Jerusalem, 11 September 2026. Closing line: “Zionism is part of Jewish identity. We will not allow others to define it for us.”
Where the signatory organisations are
Shade is the number of signatory bodies in a country, not a population or a share of opinion. Hover a country to read every body it signed through.
Interactive chart — open it in the live record.
Who signed it
| Global and regional organisations | 7 |
| National and community organisations | 52 |
| Countries | 40 |
| Signatories in total | 59 |
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- Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations
- Anti-Defamation League, ADL
- American Jewish Committee, AJC
- B'nai B'rith International
- World Jewish Congress
- European Jewish Congress, EJC
- Conference of European Rabbis, CER
The J50 Forum. Established by Foreign Minister Gideon Sa’ar in May 2025 and convened by Israel’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Its third meeting was held in Jerusalem on 1 September 2026, chaired by William Daroff of the Conference of Presidents, with 59 senior representatives present; the agenda included “attempts to impose sanctions on Israel”. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs; JNS, 1 September 2026
- Seven global and regional organisations signed, together with fifty-two national and community organisations across forty countries: fifty-nine signatories in total, the same number as the representatives at the forum of 1 September 2026.
- The declaration reaffirms the IHRA working definition but reproduces neither of its two limiting clauses: that an example counts only “depending on the overall context”, and that “criticism of Israel similar to that levelled against any other country cannot be regarded as antisemitic”.
- Two of the signatories, the Board of Deputies of British Jews and the Jewish Leadership Council, are British; the legal record below is the law of their jurisdiction.
- A text declaring that Jews “will not allow others to define” Zionism was drafted through a forum established and hosted by a state’s foreign ministry.
Three definitions, and what each holds
IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism
International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance plenary, Bucharest
A non-legally-binding working definition with eleven illustrative examples, seven of which concern Israel. Two clauses limit them: an example counts only “depending on the overall context”, and criticism of Israel “similar to that levelled against any other country cannot be regarded as antisemitic”.
Adopted or endorsed by some 29 states and by both major British parties.
Its lead drafter, Kenneth Stern, has testified against its use as a campus speech code, telling the US Senate Judiciary Committee on 17 September 2024 that it was written to help data collectors, not to police speech.
Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism
Van Leer Jerusalem Institute; some 200 scholars of antisemitism, Jewish studies and Holocaust history
A core definition plus fifteen guidelines. Criticism of Zionism as a form of nationalism, and support for boycott, divestment and sanctions, are “not, in and of themselves, antisemitic”; evidence of antisemitism must be shown, not presumed from the target.
Used by universities and unions as an alternative or supplement to IHRA.
Drafted expressly as a corrective to the IHRA examples that its signatories judged too vague to apply consistently.
Nexus Document
A thirteen-member task force convened by the Center for the Study of Hate at Bard College, Kenneth Stern’s centre
It is antisemitic to oppose the existence of Israel “solely because it is a Jewish state”; but “paying disproportionate attention to Israel and treating Israel differently than other countries is not prima facie proof of antisemitism”.
Cited in US policy debate; adopted by no state.
Written by the institutional home of the IHRA definition’s own lead drafter.
What has actually been decided, in the jurisdiction of two of the signatories
University of Bristol v Dr David Miller
Employment Appeal Tribunal · [2026] EAT 84 (EA-2024-000324-RS)
Eight of the university’s nine grounds of appeal were rejected. The Bristol employment tribunal’s decision of 6 February 2024 stands: Miller’s anti-Zionist belief satisfies the Grainger criteria and is a protected philosophical belief under s. 10 of the Equality Act 2010, and his dismissal for manifesting it was direct discrimination under s. 13.
Lord Fairley KC presiding, with Nick Aziz and Dr Gillian Smith MBE. The protected belief was the bounded formulation Miller advanced, not anti-Zionism at large; Jonathan Turner of UK Lawyers for Israel, for the intervener, noted that the judgment “does not mean that all manifestations of anti-Zionism are protected”. Miller’s compensation was reduced by 50 per cent for contributory conduct.
Fraser v University and College Union
Employment Tribunal · [2013] ET/2203390/2011
The claim that the union’s Israel-related activity amounted to institutional antisemitic harassment failed in every particular. The tribunal held that a belief in the Zionist project is a political belief, not a protected characteristic, and criticised the attempt to litigate it.
The mirror of Miller: the first British case to hold that attachment to Zionism is politics rather than a protected characteristic.
Jewish organisations that reject the conflation
| Jewish Voice for Peace Describes itself as the largest anti-Zionist Jewish organisation in the world and “unequivocally reject[s] the conflation” of anti-Zionism with antisemitism; filed amicus briefs to the District Court of Massachusetts in June 2025. | United States |
| Independent Jewish Voices Adopted an explicitly anti-Zionist position by its steering committee on 15 January 2024, ratified by the membership in June 2024. | Canada |
| Jewish Council of Australia Submitted to Australia’s Royal Commission into Antisemitism and Social Cohesion in June 2026 that “definitions that treat criticism of Israel as antisemitic do not make Jews safer and actually make things worse” (§21.5). | Australia |
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The counter-evidence, stated at its strongest
- A Jewish Majority poll of February 2025 found that about 70 per cent of American Jews regard anti-Zionism as a form of antisemitism; the declaration’s claim to speak for a majority view is not invented.
- The ADL’s argument is that a rule distinguishing anti-Zionism from antisemitism “gives cover to antisemites” who have learned to phrase the old hostility in the new vocabulary.
- The IHRA definition has been adopted or endorsed by some 29 states and by both major British parties; it is the mainstream instrument, not a fringe one.
- In the one jurisdiction where the question has been litigated to appellate level, it has been decided the other way.