The Haganah plan providing for the destruction of villages and the expulsion of their populations. Its execution began before the declaration of the state and before any Arab army entered Palestine.

By this date roughly 300,000 Palestinians had already been displaced. The war with the Arab states began the following day.

Resolved that refugees wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbours should be permitted to do so at the earliest practicable date. Reaffirmed by the General Assembly annually since.

Resolution 273 recalls Israel's undertakings to implement Resolutions 181 and 194. Neither was implemented.

The legal mechanism by which the land and homes of the displaced were expropriated, including from 'present absentees' who remained inside Israel.

Read with the Absentees' Property Law and the 1952 Citizenship Law, it is the pairing that B'Tselem and Amnesty cite as the foundation of the demographic regime.

Completed the transfer of expropriated property; by the mid-1950s the state and the Jewish National Fund controlled the great majority of the land.

Eighteen years of permits, curfews, closed areas and administrative detention applied to citizens on the basis of nationality. Abolished in November 1966, five months before the occupation of the West Bank and Gaza began.

EA 1/65 Yeredor. The Court upheld the exclusion of a list drawn from the banned al-Ard movement, although the Basic Law: The Knesset then contained no provision permitting it, on the reasoning that a purpose denying the state's existence is an unlawful purpose. The first judicial limit on the political rights of Palestinian citizens; Justice Haim Cohn dissented.

Proposed retaining the Jordan Valley and a chain of settlements; the geography of Area C follows it closely.

The Foreign Ministry's own legal counsel, in a memorandum to the Prime Minister's office: 'civilian settlement in the administered territories contravenes the explicit provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention.' Settlement proceeded regardless. The strongest single admission in the settlement record.

Followed by more than 300 settlements and outposts and, by 2026, over 700,000 settlers.

The cornerstone of every subsequent negotiation, and the provision the ICJ relied on in its 2024 advisory opinion.

The fire, set by an Australian Christian acting alone on a millenarian conviction, destroyed Saladin's 12th-century minbar. UN Security Council Resolution 271 of 15 September 1969 condemned Israel's failure to observe earlier resolutions on Jerusalem; twenty-five states met at Rabat on 25 September and founded the OIC.

Thousands of homes demolished to drive wide roads through the camps for military access; some 16,000 people displaced a second time.

Ended the post-1967 assumption that the territorial status quo was costless; it did not alter the status of the occupied territory.

The first general strike by Palestinian citizens of Israel, and the event that marked their emergence as a political community within the state.

The World Zionist Organisation plan stated the aim of settling between and around Palestinian population centres so as to make a contiguous Palestinian territory impossible.

Removed the strongest Arab military constraint on Israeli action in the occupied territory; the autonomy talks on the Palestinians led nowhere.

Declared null and void by UN Security Council Resolution 478 in August 1980; the annexation has never been recognised in international law.

An estimated 17,000–20,000 killed, the great majority civilians, during the invasion and the siege of Beirut.

Israel's own commission of inquiry found he bore personal responsibility for ignoring the danger of bloodshed. He resigned as Defence Minister and became Prime Minister eighteen years later.

Under Defence Minister Yitzhak Rabin: administrative detention restored, deportations resumed on a large scale, and house demolition extended beyond cases of killing or wounding. The UN Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices recorded the escalation at the time. Rabin was quoted as saying the purpose was to make life so difficult that the population would leave. The First Intifada began two years later.

Defence Minister Yitzhak Rabin's instruction; some 1,000 Palestinians hospitalised with fractures in the first months, documented at the time by Israeli and international medical organisations.

The PLO's acceptance of a state on 22% of historic Palestine. Recognised within a year by more than 80 states.

UN Security Council Resolution 672 condemned the killings; Israel refused entry to the Secretary-General's mission.

Deferred Jerusalem, refugees, settlements and borders to final-status talks that never concluded. The settler population roughly doubled during the Oslo years.

Area C, some 60% of the West Bank and the location of nearly all its land reserves, remained under full Israeli control — an arrangement intended to last five years and still in force after thirty.

Killed by an Israeli religious-nationalist opposed to the Oslo Accords, after a campaign of incitement in which Benjamin Netanyahu was a prominent figure.

80% of Hebron transferred to the Palestinian Authority; the 20% containing the Old City, the Ibrahimi Mosque, four settlements and Shuhada Street kept under Israeli control, where some 7,000 Palestinians live alongside 500–800 settlers and about 1,500 soldiers. The Protocol required Shuhada Street to be reopened; it was fenced off entirely in 2002 and Palestinians remain barred from it. Smotrich announced the Protocol's cancellation in June 2026.

A further redeployment agreement brokered at Wye Plantation; implementation was suspended by Israel two months later. The last of the Oslo-era agreements before the collapse at Camp David.

The 'generous offer' narrative that followed is contradicted by the accounts of participants, including US negotiator Robert Malley and Israeli negotiator Shlomo Ben-Ami.

The Palestinian Authority's institutions were destroyed and Area A reoccupied; the arrangement of raids into Area A continues to this day.

About 85% of its route runs inside the West Bank rather than on the Green Line, enclosing major settlement blocs. Ruled contrary to international law by the ICJ in 2004.

Israel retained control of Gaza's airspace, territorial waters, population registry and all but one crossing; the UN, the ICRC and the ICJ continue to treat Gaza as occupied territory.

Monitored and certified as free and fair by international observers, including the Carter Center and the EU. Aid was suspended and the blockade followed.

The UN fact-finding mission on the 2008–09 Gaza conflict found evidence of war crimes and possible crimes against humanity, and recorded the deliberate application of disproportionate force against civilian infrastructure as doctrine.

138 votes in favour. The status that made accession to the Rome Statute possible.

The jurisdictional basis for the ICC investigation and for the arrest warrants of November 2024.

Adopted 14–0 with the United States abstaining — the only occasion in the period on which a settlement resolution was not vetoed.

Condemned by the General Assembly 128–9. The embassy moved on 14 May 2018, the day Israeli forces killed some 60 Palestinians at the Gaza perimeter fence.

The Pompeo declaration reversed the 1978 Hansell opinion of the State Department's own legal adviser. It was reversed again in 2024, and the settlements' status in international law was unaffected throughout.

Normalisation with the UAE and Bahrain, in exchange for the suspension rather than the abandonment of the West Bank annexation plan.

Covering conduct in the West Bank, East Jerusalem and Gaza since 13 June 2014.

Itamar Ben-Gvir at National Security and Bezalel Smotrich at Finance with authority over the Civil Administration in the West Bank. Its coalition agreement asserted an exclusive and inalienable Jewish right to all of the Land of Israel.

155 killed, including 36 children (OCHA); B'Tselem counted 146 killed by Israeli forces, the largest number since 2004. The record stood for one year.